M&E Terminology

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Monitoring
Continuous assessment of project implementation in relation to agreed schedules, and the use of inputs, infrastructure, and services by project beneficiaries. Monitoring provides managers and other stakeholders with continuous feedback on implementation, identifies actual or potential successes and problems as early as possible to facilitate timely adjustments to project operation.

Evaluation
Periodic assessment of a project's relevance, performance, efficiency, and impact (both expected and unexpected) in relation to stated objectives. Interim evaluations during implementation are a first review of progress, a prognosis of a project's likely effects, and a way to identify necessary adjustments in project design. Terminal evaluations, conducted at the end of the project, are part of a project's completion report. They include an assessment of a project's effects and their potential sustainability.

Objective
A generic term used to express a purpose or goal representing the desired result that a program seeks to achieve. A good objective is specific, impact oriented, measurable, and time-bounded.

Inputs
Quantified and time-bound statements of resources a program uses to achieve program objectives. Examples are staff, volunteers, facilities, equipment, curricula, financing, etc. Information on inputs comes largely from accounting and management records. A program uses inputs to support activities.

Activities
Everything what a program does with its inputs - the services it provides - to fulfil its mission. Examples are providing different types of training, organizing educational courses, exchange travels, and many others. Program activities result in outputs.

Outputs
Products of a program's activities, such as the number of classes taught, neonatologists or EMS medical professionals trained, patient visits, or brochures distributed. A program's outputs should produce desired outcomes for the program's participants.

Output/process indicators
Output indicators measure the quantity of goods and services produced and the efficiency of production.

Outcomes
Benefits for participants during or after their involvement with a program. Outcomes may relate to knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, behavior, condition, or status. Examples of outcomes include improved access to primary health care services, lower infant mortality rates, improved detection of breast cancer in its early stages, and others.

Outcome indicators
Outcome indicators measure specific data that track a program's success on outcomes. They describe observable, measurable characteristics or changes that represent achievement of an outcome.

Impact
Can be defined as a long-term systemic change, which is expected to take place as a result of the partnership program. Impacts are benefits for the population or the health system as a whole during or after their involvement with a partnership program. An example of systemic change will be the improved health status of the population in the area where a partnership is active.

Impact indicators
Represent measurable and observable changes on the level of the population or the health system as a whole. Impact is considerably more difficult to measure than outcomes, because measures of systemic change often involve complex statistics about economic or social welfare and depend on data that are gathered from beneficiaries. In addition, in many instances the impact of a partnership work is delayed and can be assessed only after the partnership has graduated.


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